rough怎么读

英式音标：[rʌf]

美式音标：[rʌf]

rough基本解释

adj. 粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的；艰苦的；未经加工的

vt. 使粗糙；粗暴对待；草拟

n. 艰苦；高低不平的地面；未经加工的材料；粗糙的部分

vi. 举止粗野

adv. 粗糙地；粗略地；粗暴地

n. (Rough)人名；(英)拉夫

rough的意思释义

adj.

粗糙的，崎岖不平的；粗鲁的；狂暴的，汹涌的；未经加工的

vt.

粗暴地对待；使粗糙；草拟；

n.

粗糙的部分；艰难，苦难；（高尔夫球场的）深草区；

adv.

粗暴地；

vi.

举止粗野；

变形

过去式：roughed过去分词：roughed现在分词：roughing第三人称单数：roughs

双语释义

adj.(形容词)

粗糙的 having an uneven surface; not smooth

粗野的,粗暴的 showing a lack of gentleness, good manners, orconsideration etc.

混乱的,暴乱的,喧闹的 not gentle or tuneful

艰难的,不愉快的 unfortunate and unfair; unwell

粗略的,大致的 done or made without attention to detail or exactness; approximate

未加工的,粗制的 not delicate or comfortable; simple

狂暴的,汹涌的 stormy and violent; not calm

adv.(副词)

简陋地 in uncomfortable condition

粗暴地 using force

大致地 not in a gentle way

v.(动词)

vt. 使粗糙 make untidy or uneven

vt. 过简陋的生活 live without the usual comforts and conveniences of life

英英释义

rough[ rʌf ]

n.the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short

v.prepare in preliminary or sketchy form

同义词：rough inrough out

adj.

having or caused by an irregular surface

\"trees with rough bark\"; \"rough ground\"; \"rough skin\"; \"rough blankets\"

同义词：unsmooth

(of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse

\"she was a diamond in the rough\"; \"rough manners\"

not quite exact or correct

\"a rough guess\"

同义词：approximateapproximative

full of hardship or trials

\"they were having a rough time\"

同义词：rocky

violently agitated and turbulent

\"rough weather\"; \"rough seas\"

同义词：boisterousfierce

unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound

同义词：gratinggravelgravellyraspingraspyscratchy

ready and able to resort to force or violence

\"they were rough and determined fighting men\"

同义词：pugnacious

of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped

causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements

\"a rough ride\"

同义词：rockybumpyjoltyjoltingjumpy

not shaped by cutting or trimming

\"rough gemstones\"

同义词：uncut

not carefully or expertly made

\"rough carpentry\"

同义词：crude

not perfected

\"a rough draft\"; \"a few rough sketches\"

unpleasantly stern

\"the nomad life is rough and hazardous\"

同义词：harsh

unkind or cruel or uncivil

\"a rough answer\"

同义词：harsh

adv.

with roughness or violence (`rough\' is an informal variant for `roughly\')

\"he was pushed roughly aside\"; \"they treated him rough\"

同义词：roughly

with rough motion as over a rough surface

\"ride rough\"

同义词：roughly

rough用法及例句

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

rough road崎岖的道路

rough sea狂暴的大海

rough time辛酸时期

rough weather恶劣的天气

～+介词

rough on对…粗暴的

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

rough one\'s hair弄乱头发

～+副词

rough curiously好奇地过简陋的生活

rough dreadfully非比寻常地过简陋的生活

rough extremely极端地过简陋的生活

rough pleasantly愉快地过简陋的生活

rough stiffly极度地过简陋的生活

rough uncomfortably不自在地过简陋的生活

rough uncommonly不平凡地过简陋的生活

rough in画…的轮廓

rough out作出,写出

词组短语

in rough作为草稿；在草稿纸上

in the rough未完成的；未加工的；大致上

rough surface粗糙表面

rough and tumble争夺；乱作一团

rough machining粗加工

rough road n. 起伏不平的路

rough handling粗率的处理

rough and ready简陋的；马虎的

rough sea大浪；狂浪；风大浪急的海面

rough grinding粗研磨，粗磨

rough draft草稿；底子

rough estimate粗略的估计，粗算

rough terrain不平地形，地形条件恶劣地区

rough in草拟；大致画出

diamond in the rough未经琢磨的钻石；外粗内秀的人

cut up rough[美国口语]大发脾气

rough endoplasmic reticulum内质网；糙面内质网，粗面型内质网

rough and tough ◎粗鲁的，粗暴的，粗野的 , ◎强壮的，结实的

sleep rough露宿（在公园过夜）；睡得难受

rough paper糙面纸

同近义词辨析

hoarse, rough, harsh

这组词都有“嘶哑的，沙哑的”的意思，其区别是：

hoarse指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。

rough指粗哑难听的声音。

harsh一般多指刺耳难听的声音。

rude, crude, harsh, rough, coarse

这组词都有“粗糙的”的意思，其区别是：

rude指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。

crude主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。

harsh指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。

rough普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。

coarse指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。

preliminary, rough

preliminary初步的，预备的

rough粗糙的，大致的

双语例句

用作形容词(adj.)

The rough road made the car vibrate.

崎岖不平的道路使车颠簸得很厉害。

You\'d better give us a rough idea of your price.

您较好给我们一个粗略的价格。

It is only a rough guide to ideal weight.

这只是一个实现理想体重的粗略的办法。

They complained rough handling by the police.

他们抱怨受到**粗野的对待。

I feel a bit rough--I\'m going to bed.

我有点儿不舒服－－想去睡觉了。

用作副词(adv.)

He is now able to play rough and tumble with the other kids.

现在他可以粗暴地摔倒其他孩子了。

用作名词(n.)

I think that new singer is a diamond in the rough.

我觉得那个新歌手是块未经雕琢的玉。

Write it in rough and then copy it.

先起草再誊写。

We only saw the new painting in the rough.

我们只见过那幅新画未完成时的样子。

用作及物动词(vt.)

Micro-exfoliators help slough away rough, dull, uneven skin for a more radiant complexion.

细腻的磨砂颗粒帮助去除被溶解的角质，使粗糙晦暗不均匀的皮肤重现柔嫩和光泽。

The gang decided to rough him up,as a warning to others.

暴徒们决定揍他一顿，作为对别人的警告。

例句参考

ROUGH FUZZY SETS AND FUZZY ROUGH SETS*

Interval Set Clustering of Web Users with Rough K-Means

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Rough Silicon Nanowires

Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires.

Combined wave and current interaction with a rough bottom

The scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces

The scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces

Backscattering from a randomly rough dielectric surface. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens

Taylor & Francis Online :: ROUGH FUZZY SETS AND FUZZY ROUGH SETS* - International Journal of General Systems - Volume 17, Issue 2-3

Transfer to proteins across membranes. II. Reconstitution of functional rough microsomes from heterologous components

rough词源

rough

rough: [OE] Rough goes back to a prehistoric West Germanic *rūkhwaz, which also produced German rauh and Dutch ruw. Despite the similarity of form and sense, ruffian is not related, and there is no evidence that ruffle is either.

rough (n.)

c. 1200, \"broken ground,\" from rough (adj.). Meaning \"a rowdy\" is first attested 1837. Specific sense in golf is from 1901. Phrase in the rough \"in an unfinished or unprocessed condition\" (of timber, etc.) is from 1819.

rough (adj.)

Old English ruh \"rough, coarse (of cloth); hairy, shaggy; untrimmed, uncultivated,\" from West Germanic *rukhwaz \"shaggy, hairy, rough\" (cognates: Middle Dutch ruuch, Dutch ruig, Old High German ruher, German rauh), from Proto-Germanic *rukhaz, from PIE *reue- (2) \"to smash, knock down, tear out, dig up\" (cognates: Sanskrit ruksah \"rough;\" Latin ruga \"wrinkle,\" ruere \"to rush, fall violently, collapse,\" ruina \"a collapse;\" Lithuanian raukas \"wrinkle,\" rukti \"to shrink\").The original -gh- sound was guttural, as in Scottish loch. Sense of \"approximate\" is first recorded c. 1600. Of places, \"riotous, disorderly, characterized by violent action,\" 1863. Rough draft is from 1690s. Rough-and-ready is from 1810, originally military; rough-and-tumble (1810) is from a style of free-fighting.

rough (v.)

late 15c., from rough (adj.). Related: Roughed; roughing. Phrase rough it \"submit to hardships\" (1768) is originally nautical:

To lie rough; to lie all night in one\'s clothes: called also roughing it. Likewise to sleep on the bare deck of a ship, when the person is commonly advised to chuse the softest plank. [Grose, \"Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue,\" 1788]

To rough out \"shape or plan approximately\" is from 1770. To rough up \"make rough\" is from 1763. To rough (someone) up \"beat up, jostle violently\" is from 1868. The U.S. football penalty roughing was originally a term from boxing (1866).

rough相关例句

1.Is it rough or smooth, regular or uneven?

是粗糙还是光滑？ 是规则还是不规则的？

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

2.It is fairly common these days for modeling applications to render a rough surface for selected objects, while leaving unselected objects as wire frames.

所有对象都需要用边框代表，建模应用程序通常只绘制所选对象的粗糙表面，而用线框代表未选对象。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

3.The previous recommendations add up to a modest solution. Following them will surely improve some otherwise rough interactions, but the results will still leave something to be desired.

前面所有的建议只是一个温和的解决方案，按照这些建议当然会改善粗糙的界面，但是还会留下遗憾的地方。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

4.Industrial designers sketch and create rough prototypes from foam board and other materials.

工业设计者会拟出草图，用泡沫板和其他材料创建出粗略的原型。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

5.We’ve found it useful to render Framework illustrations in a visual style that suggests the sketchiness of the proposed solutions (recall that rough sketches tend to do a better job promoting discourse about design).

在我们自己的经验中，发现勾画出可以表现方案梗概的框架草图非常有帮助（我们先前说过，草图可以很好地促进我们展开对设计的讨论）。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

6.Rather, it is a method to assess the effectiveness of ideas you’ve already had and to smooth over the rough edges.

实际上，它是用来评估你既有设计思想的有效性及完整性的一种方法。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

7.For example, for an office phone system, we might find these rough roles:

例如，关于办公室电话系统，我们可能发现如下大致的角色。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

8.Step 2: Develop rough prototypes

步骤2：开发粗略的原型

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

9.There are fewer controls to clutter the interface, knobs protrude and so are easier to reach, and they afford (when properly designed) both rough and fine controls in an elegant and intuitive way.

另外旋把也较为突出，比较容易触及，并且如果设计得当的话，还能以一种优雅和直观的方式来进行粗调和细调控制。

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓

10.Scenarios are paradoxically concrete but rough, tangible but flexible .

“场景剧本既具体又粗糙，既切实又灵活……

-- 来源 -- About Face 3交互设计精髓